@article{Ahmed_2024,

title = {A comprehensive analysis of clinical characteristics, microbial profile, prognostic indicators, and treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and acute pyelonephritis},

author = {Syed Faiz Ahmed and Mohammed Khaja Arifuddin},

url = {https://www.jcdronline.org/admin/Uploads/Files/659e8cded4aae5.77075932.pdf},

doi = {10.48047/jcdr.2024.15.01.55},

issn = {0975-3583},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-11},

journal = {Journal of Cardiovascular Disease Research},

volume = {15},

issue = {1},

pages = {496-505},

abstract = {Background: Pyelonephritis is frequently linked to diabetes mellitus, serving as a common cause. Poor outcomes are associated with both emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) and non-emphysematous pyelonephritis (NEPN). This study was conducted to examine the clinical characteristics, microbiological profile, prognostic factors, and treatment outcomes of pyelonephritis specifically in diabetic patients.

Methods: Acute pyelonephritis is considered present when a patient experiences fever with chills, rigors, flank pain, nausea, and vomiting. A diagnosis is confirmed through USG and KUB studies showing an enlarged kidney, collection presence, and perinephric fat stranding. Urine samples are collected through midstream voiding, catheterization, or suprapubic needle aspiration. A positive urine culture indicates >105 CFU/ml of bacteria. Glycemic control is classified as good (HbA1c <7%), moderate (HbA1c 7-7.5%), or poor (HbA1c >7.5%). Emphysematous pyelonephritis classification is based on CT scan findings.

Results: In a study of 40 patients with acute pyelonephritis and type 2 diabetes, 80% had non-emphysematous pyelonephritis (NEPN) and 20% had emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN). Over 75% in both groups experienced loin pain, a hallmark of acute pyelonephritis. Burning micturition affected 75% of EPN and 28.12% of NEPN patients. Less than 15% reported decreased urine output and vomiting in both groups. The NEPN group had significantly lower rates of burning micturition, possibly indicating a link to pyelonephritis severity. In EPN patients, 75% had normal CECT KUB findings, with 50% of abnormalities falling into Class 3A. Approximately 50% of both groups were treated without IV antibiotics, with conservative management dominating. Other interventions, including DJ stents, antifungals, hemodialysis, percutaneous nephrolithotomy, and ureteroscopy with stenting, were also employed.

Conclusion: Diagnosing emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) in diabetic patients with pyelonephritis symptoms, particularly with poorly controlled blood sugars, requires a high suspicion index and early imaging. Most affected individuals are aged 51-70 years. Cases of both non-emphysematous (NEPN) and EPN are predominantly associated with gram-negative bacteria. EPN patients in Class I-IIIA respond well to antibiotics or additional percutaneous drainage (PCN), while Class IIIB and Class IV cases may require nephrectomy.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Arifuddin_2023b,

title = {Effects of tuberculosis on genitourinary system},

author = {Mohammed Khaja Arifuddin and Syed Faiz Ahmed},

url = {https://www.jcdronline.org/paper.php?slug=effects-of-tuberculosis-on-genitourinary-system},

doi = {10.48047/jcdr.2023.14.12.265},

issn = {0975-3583},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-12-31},

urldate = {2023-12-31},

journal = {Journal of Cardiovascular Disease Research},

volume = {14},

issue = {12},

pages = {2291-2299},

abstract = {Background: Genitourinary Tuberculosis (GUTB) is a common site of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. The disease involves the kidneys, ureters, bladder, or genital organs. Clinical symptoms develop 10 – 15 years after primary infection. Only one-quarter of patients with GUTB have a known history of TB and about half of these patients have chest radiography findings. The current study aimed to determine the effects of GUTB.

Methods: The included patients were successive cases with a diagnosis of genitourinary tuberculosis. A total of 62 cases were reported with the diagnosis of genitourinary tuberculosis. PCR for MTb was done in 37 cases. Radiological evaluation included chest X-ray, KUB in all cases, and intravenous urogram when serum creatinine was normal. FNAC was performed in cases with serosal masses. All patients received antitubercular drug therapy with 4 drugs (Rifampicin, Ethambutol, Isoniazid, and Pyrazinamide) for 2 months followed by 2 drugs (Rifampicin and Isoniazid) for 7 months.

Results: Positive AFB staining and positive MTb culture in urine were seen in 31.37% and 41.17% of cases, respectively, confirming the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in some GUTB patients. Positive PCR for MTb in urine is present in 67.56% of cases (in a subset of 37 patients). MTb culture in pus is only observed in 4 out of 7 cases, suggesting its less frequent occurrence compared to other positive findings. Sterile urine is found in 78.95% of cases, and Radiological abnormalities (IVU/NCCT/MUCG) suggestive of GUTB was found in 46/57 (80.7%) cases. Bladder biopsy was positive in 12/25(48%) cases done. A comparison of urinary PCR with urine for AFB staining urine for MTb culture and bladder biopsy was done.

Conclusion: The urinary (PCR) stands out as the most sensitive indicator among all microbiological tests. When coupled with radiological abnormalities, it significantly expedites the diagnosis of genitourinary tuberculosis. Optimal treatment involves a combination of multidrug chemotherapy and judicious surgery, as necessary. It is highly advisable to make every effort to reconstruct the urinary tract due to the rewarding outcomes associated with this approach. However, in cases where tissue is infected and irreparably damaged, the most effective course of action is ablating the affected tissue.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{AbdurRaheem_2022b,

title = {Defining wider indications for stoppa repair other than recurrent hernias},

author = {Juwairiah Abdur Raheem and Suresh Chandra Annu and Rabiya Begum and Hafsa Iqbal and Mohammed Abdul Majid Adil},

url = {https://www.cureus.com/articles/90014-defining-wider-indications-for-stoppa-repair-other-than-recurrent-hernias#!/},

doi = {10.7759/cureus.23671},

issn = {2168-8184},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-03-31},

urldate = {2022-03-31},

journal = {Cureus},

volume = {14},

issue = {3},

pages = {e23671},

publisher = {Cureus, Inc.},

abstract = {Managing complex inguinal hernias has been a constant challenge for surgeons and its treatment is not without challenges with the routine current techniques. Complex inguinal hernias especially recurrent have been managed by the Rives-Stoppa technique which is an established suture-less, tension-free, and absolute method of treatment with minimal recurrence rates. Traditionally, this surgical technique is most indicated in recurrent inguinal hernias, but we aim to assess the usefulness of this procedure for the treatment of complex inguinal hernias in individuals presenting for the first time. We report four varied cases of complex inguinal hernias, repaired by the open Rives-Stoppa technique, and discuss its indications, technique of repair, and current status.},

key = {pmid35505699},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Chetan_2021b,

title = {The relationship between anogenital distance and benign prostate hyperplasia‐related lower urinary tract symptoms},

author = {V. Rahul Chetan},

url = {https://www.iaimjournal.com/storage/2021/04/iaim_2021_0804_10.pdf},

issn = {2394-0026},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-04-30},

urldate = {2021-04-30},

journal = {International Archives of Integrated Medicine},

volume = {8},

issue = {4},

pages = {75-78},

abstract = {Background: Anogenital distance is often used as biomarker of intra uterine androgen levels. The androgen may influence the benign prostatic hypertrophy and lower urinary tract symptoms subsequently. This was mainly undertaken to study the relation between the anogenital distance and the lower urinary tract symptoms.

Material and methods: A comparative study was undertaken among 50 LUTS patients and 50 controls in Urology department of a tertiary care hospital. All the cases were studied for International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), Prostate volume, Maximum flow rate (Qmax), Prostate specific antigen (PSA), testosterone levels, height, weight were recorded. Two types anogenital distance was obtained AGDAP (from the centre of the anus to the cephalad insertion of penis) and AGDAS (from the center of the anus to the posterior base of the scrotum) were measured. Results: The maximum flow rate was significantly higher in controls. This study had shown that the AGD was higher in cases than controls. The PSA levels were significantly higher in LUTS patients

and also testosterone levels. The BMI adjusted values of AGD (AS) also was significantly lower in LUTS group than the controls. Conclusion: The anogenital distance can be a marker for benign prostatic hyperplasia and this knowledge can be used for prevention. },

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Chetan_2021,

title = {A comparative evaluation of transurethral electro-vaporization of prostate (TUEVP) versus transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)},

author = {V. Rahul Chetan},

url = {https://www.iaimjournal.com/storage/2021/01/iaim_2021_0801_10.pdf},

issn = {2394-0026},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-31},

urldate = {2021-01-31},

journal = {International Archives of Integrated Medicine},

volume = {8},

issue = {1},

pages = {63-69},

abstract = {Background: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is considered as an important health problem in the elderly men. TURP is unique surgery for BPH but has prolonged hospital stay and higher complications. TUEVP gives comparable benefits and efficacy with the TURP. Material and methods: A prospective, randomized, comparative study was conducted on patients diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia in the Surgery Department of tertiary care hospital. Eighty patients of symptomatic BPH who were candidates for operative treatment with prostate weighing seventy grams or less would be included TURP and TUEVP was done by using standard operative procedures. Follow up was done after 3 months. Results: This study had shown that, most of the patients were aged above 55 years. The mean operative time was higher in TUEVP group than TURP group. The hospitalization was prolonged in case of TURP in comparison with the TUEVP. The percentage of improvement in IPSS was 82.8% in TUEVP and 85.3% in TURP, QOL was 80.9% in TUEVP and 81.1% in TURP, PVRV was 64% in TUEVP and 68.6% in TURP, maximum flow rate was 124.5% in TUEVP and 150.6% in TURP,

Average flow rate was 104.3% in TUEVP and 135.6% in TURP. Conclusion: The benefits and complications of TUEVP were comparable with transurethral resection of prostate.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Vishwakarma_2020,

title = {Biofabrication of cell-laden allografts of goat urinary bladder scaffold for organ reconstruction/regeneration},

author = {Sandeep Kumar Vishwakarma and Shahana Sarwar and Mohammed Abdul Majid Adil and Aleem Ahmed Khan},

url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S004081662030433X?via%3Dihub},

doi = {10.1016/j.tice.2020.101443},

issn = {0040-8166},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-12-01},

urldate = {2020-12-01},

journal = {Tissue and Cell},

volume = {67},

pages = {101443},

publisher = {Elsevier BV},

abstract = {Introduction: Bladder dysfunction has been considered as one of the most critical health conditions with no proper treatment. Current therapeutic approaches including enterocystoplasty have several limitations. Hence, biofabrication of cell-laden biological allografts using decellularized Goat urinary bladder scaffolds for organ reconstruction/regeneration was major objective of this study. Materials and methods: An efficient method for decellularization of Goat urinary bladder (N = 3) was developed by perfusion of gradient change of detergents through ureter. The retention of organ architecture, extracellular matrix composition, mechanical properties and removal of cellular components was characterized using histological, cellular and molecular analysis. Further, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from human umbilical cord blood (UCB) were used for preparing biological construct of decellularized urinary bladder (DUB) scaffolds to augment the urinary bladder reconstruction/regeneration. Results: The decellularization method adopted in this study generated completely DUB scaffolds within 10 h at 100 mm Hg pressure and constant flow rate of 1 mL/min. The DUB scaffold retains organ architecture, ECM composition, and mechanical strength. No significant amount of residual nucleic acid was observed post-decellularization. Furthermore, MSCs derived from human UCB engrafted and proliferated well on DUB scaffolds in highly aligned manner under xeno-free condition. Conclusion: Biofabricated humanized urinary bladder constructs provides xeno-free allografts for future application in augmenting urinary bladder reconstruction/regeneration with further development.},

key = {pmid32998076},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Kousik_2020,

title = {An unusual case of anterior abdominal wall dialysate leak diagnosed with Tc99m-sulfur colloid single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography peritoneal scintigraphy},

author = {Vankadari Kousik and Rajendra Prasad and Randheer Kumar},

url = {https://journals.lww.com/ijnm/fulltext/2020/35040/an_unusual_case_of_anterior_abdominal_wall.25.aspx},

doi = {10.4103/ijnm.ijnm_89_20},

issn = {0972-3919},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-10-21},

urldate = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Indian Journal of Nuclear Medicine},

volume = {35},

issue = {4},

pages = {370-371},

publisher = {Medknow},

abstract = {Peritoneal dialysis (PD) was commonly used renal replacement therapy for treating end-stage renal failure patients leading to various infectious and mechanical complications. We present a case of a 50-year-old female patient who presented with reduced dialysate return and abdominal wall edema following continuous ambulatory PD. Peritoneal scintigraphy done on suspicion of dialysate leak shows tracer accumulation in the anterior abdominal wall below the insertion of the peritoneal catheter.},

key = {pmid33642774},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Afroze_2015,

title = {A case of ambiguous genitalia diagnosed in a young male presenting clinically with left sided obstructed inguinal hernia},

author = {Idrees Akhtar Afroze and Fakeha Firdous and Syed Sibghatullah Quadri and Mohammed Abdul Majid Adil},

url = {https://www.statperson.com/Journal/ScienceAndTechnology/Article/Volume16Issue2/16_2_43.pdf},

issn = {2249-8109},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-09-11},

urldate = {2015-09-11},

journal = {International Journal of Recent Trends in Science and Technology},

volume = {16},

issue = {2},

pages = {398-400},

abstract = {Ambiguous genetalia is a disorder of sex development (DSD). It occurs when something goes wrong during pregnancy to interrupt or disturb the fetus developing sex organs. Presence or absence of male hormones control the development of sex organs. A disruption of steps that determine sex can result in a mismatch between external genitals and internal sex organs or the chromosomal sex (xx or xy). Other causes can be mutations in certain genes or chromosomal abnormalities like missing sex chromosome or an extra one. Ambiguous genitalia is usually not life threatening, but can create social problem for the child and family.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}